Brainstem Regulation, Cranial Nerve Function, and Sensorimotor Organization
The brainstem is not a single “control center,” but a major integration region linking the brain with the spinal cord and helping coordinate breathing, cardiovascular regulation, sleep and arousal, swallowing, vomiting, eye movements, hearing and balance functions, facial movement and sensation, and multiple autonomic processes. (Benarroch, 2017; McCorry, 2007) This article examines how brainstem-mediated autonomic








